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Index Hostile Influence Campaigns Social Media Platforms Meta Brazil’s Response to Meta’s Decision on Content Moderation Misinformation Risks Rise as Meta Scales Back Fact-Checking X Researchers Leave Platform Over Amplified Disinformation Telegram The Terrorgram Collective Designated as a Transnational Terrorist Group State Actors Russia Disinformation and Destabilization: Russia Accused of Targeting Polish Politics Moscow Relies on Disinformation Amid Economic Challenges Russian State-Sponsored Disinformation Campaign Using Meta The War in Ukraine Russian Disinformation Campaign Targets U.S. Wildfires and Ukraine General Reports December 2024 AI Misinformation Monitor of Leading AI Chatbots Disinformation Spreads Amid Los Angeles Wildfires Appendix - Frameworks to Counter Disinformation Combatting Disinformation Through Media Literacy in Kenya A Guide to Combat Disinformation New Tool Detects Fake News with 99% Accuracy

Index Hostile Influence Campaigns Social Media Platforms Meta Meta Makes a Shift in Content Moderation Meta’s Decision to End Fact-Checking Sparks Global Concerns Meta's New Policy Might be a Disinformation Threat Meta’s Fact-Checking Policy Change Raises Concerns in the Pacific Region X Parody Account Labels Deployed by X to Combat Misinformation State Actors Russia Russian SORM Export: Privacy, Data, and Disinformation Risks Pro-Russian Disinformation Campaign in Croatia's Presidential Run-Off Pro-Kremlin Influence Spreads into Radical and Conspiracy Communities The War in Ukraine Fake Video Claims Ukraine’s Involvement in Trump Assassination Plot Disinformation: Putin’s Speech Blames Ukraine and the “Collective West" The War in Gaza Investigation Reveals Underreporting in Gaza Conflict AI Related Articles Measuring the Impact of GenAI on Disinformation General Reports Musk’s Evidence-Free Accusations Target Prime Minister Starmer Disinformation and Panic Over HMPV in China and Parts of Asia John Mark Dougan is NewsGuard’s 2024 “Disinformer of the Year” Cybersecurity Challenges in 2025 Statistical Manipulation and Disinformation Tactics Conservatives Blame DEI and Environmental Policies for California Wildfires Musk and Weidel Push Far-Right Disinformation During Election Period Political Conflict Amid Misinformation About the California Fires Meta’s Withdrawal Impacts Small Outlets, Developing Countries Disinformation Landscape in Slovenia Russian Influence and Disinformation Challenges in Estonia Disinformation About the New Orleans Attack Militaries Restrict Filming to Control Narratives in Conflicts Appendix - Frameworks to Counter Disinformation A New Model to Ensure Safer Use of AI Microsoft Takes Legal Action Against AI Disinformation Disinformation and Deepfakes in Elections: Legal Responses and Challenges

Index Hostile Influence Campaigns Social Media Platforms Telegram EU Sanctions Target Kremlin Media for Spreading Disinformation State Actors Russia Disinformation Campaign Against Poland Ahead of EU Presidency Russia Boosts Disinformation in Syria The War in Ukraine Disinformation on the Rivne Nuclear Power Plant Attack Disinformation War Deepens as Kursk Conflict Escalates China Concerns Over China’s Interference in South Korea The War in Ukraine  Russia Utilizes General’s Death to Spread Disinformation General Reports Disinformation challenges in 2024 Disinformation and Threats to Judicial Independence Elon Musk Spreads Disinformation in the UK Appendix - Frameworks to Counter Disinformation U.S. Sanctions Target Foreign Disinformation Campaigns Using Google Techniques for Fact-Checking and Disinformation Verification Myanmar Enacted a New Cybersecurity Law

Index Hostile Influence Campaigns State Actors Russia Disinformation: Russia’s Bird Strike Claim Fails The War in Ukraine  Russia Utilizes General’s Death to Spread Disinformation General Reports Cameroon Journalists Tackle Election Disinformation Finland’s Education System Tackles Disinformation with Media Literacy Mozambican Journalists Combat Disinformation Ahead of 2025 Elections Disinformation and Fear Tactics Drive Georgia Away From Europe Disinformation and Foreign Meddling Undermine Romania’s 2024 Elections Appendix - Frameworks to Counter Disinformation U.S. Disinformation Watchdog Closes After Congressional Defunding

Index Hostile Influence Campaigns Social Media Platforms TikTok EU Investigates TikTok’s Disinformation Controls Telegram Telegram’s Role in Amplifying Extremism and Disinformation State Actors Russia Russia’s Disinformation Campaigns in Latin America and the Caribbean Disinformation Strategy: Moscow Leverages General’s Dead The War in Ukraine Undermining Accountability: Russia’s CBRN Disinformation EU Warns Against Russian Disinformation and Historical Falsifications Documented Executions Highlight War Crimes and Disinformation in Ukraine U.S. Charges Alexey Komov in Scheme to Build Pro-Kremlin Media Outlet China China Strengthens Cyber Capabilities for Strategic Dominance DisinfoWatch Founder: China Intimidates Activists Worldwide General Reports EU Condemns Disinformation and Backsliding in Georgia’s EU Path Isolated Czech Media Spurs Disinformation Risk Disinformation Threats in Croatia Disinformation Threats in Denmark Disinformation Surrounding the Murder of UnitedHealthcare CEO Bluesky Faces Disinformation Risks Amid Decentralized Moderation Models Disinformation Threatens Stability and EU Aspirations in the Western Balkans Disinformation and Digital Trends Shaped Global Elections in 2024 Appendix - Frameworks to Counter Disinformation EU Strengthens Measures Against Russian Disinformation EU Collaboration to Combat FIMI Threats Global Engagement Center Faces Closure Amid Political Opposition TAG Bulletin: Q4 2024

Index Hostile Influence Campaigns Social Media Platforms Facebook Meta’s Failures in Moderating Political Advertising and Disinformation State Actors Russia IRPP Highlights Russian Disinformation in Canada Pro-Russia Narratives Exploit Congo Disease Outbreak The War in Ukraine Phishing Attacks Targeted Ukrainian Defense Sector Russian Disinformation Network MatryoshkaUsesAItoSpreadPropaganda Disinformation aiming to influence Ukraine Peace Talks China China’s ICC Network Rapidly Expands PRC’s Disinformation and Transnational Repression in Canada Sophos Firewall Exploitation Sparks U.S. Unilateral Measures Carnegie Podcast on Disinformation in Southeast Asia AI Related Articles Research Warns of AI Risks to Scotland’s Democracy Control, Diffusion, Leverage: U.S. AI Export Strategies Analyzed General Reports Combatting Misinformation Through User Empowerment Electoral Interference During the Irish Local and European Elections Persuasive Technologies Complicates Dealing with Disinformation Disinformation Amplified Through Programmatic Ads False Content Spreads Faster Than Facts Appendix - Frameworks to Counter Disinformation Wired Examines Gabbard’s Adoption of Conspiracy Narratives Government party Georgian Dream Manipulates Public Opinion VOA Highlights Disinformation Worsening India-Bangladesh Relations Fabricated JFK Plot Statement Misleads Public Australia Tackles Disinformation With New Media Tax

Index Hostile Influence Campaigns Social Media Platforms X The Impact of Link Deprioritization in X TikTok TikTok Failed to Detect Election Disinformation in Ireland State Actors Russia Russia's Disinformation Campaigns in the Nordic-Baltic Region Nordic-Baltic Populations Show Varied Vulnerability to Kremlin Narratives The Kremlin's "Fact-Checking" Network Covers Disinformation Russia Falsely Claims NATO Plans Preemptive Strike Against Russia Russian Occupation Uses Disinformation to Undermine Ukrainian Identity Russian Media Shares Fake Coca-Cola Morgue Image House Report: U.S. Agencies Fail to Combat CCP Political Warfare Google Blocks Pro-China Disinformation Network Exploiting AdSense AI Related Articles The Advantages and Risks of AI in Politics General Reports Combatting Misinformation Through User Empowerment Electoral Interference During the Irish Local and European Elections Persuasive Technologies Complicates Dealing with Disinformation Disinformation Amplified Through Programmatic Ads False Content Spreads Faster Than Facts Appendix - Frameworks to Counter Disinformation Addressing Disinformation Through Domain Name Abuse Research Suggests a Dynamic Approach to Countering Disinformation

Index Hostile Influence Campaigns Social Media Platforms X Musk Influenced Trump’s 2024 Campaign Elon Musk’s X Sparks Polarization and Misinformation Germany’s Election and Growing Concerns Over Disinformation Algorithmic Bias on X During the 2024 US Elections State Actors Russia Russia’s Hybrid Warfare: Disinformation in Africa China Beijing Pushes Misinformation on Sea Dispute AI Related Articles Disinformation About Elon Musk’s Alleged Acquisitions General Reports EU Acts Against Georgia Over Election Disinformation Starlink Election Conspiracy Theories Spread Virally Malta Struggles with Political Disinformation Cyprus Faced Disinformation Challenges Disinformation Around “Sex Strike” and Abortion Clinics Kremlin Spreads Disinformation About NATO and Trump Appendix - Frameworks to Counter Disinformation The EEAS Response to Disinformation and Foreign Information Manipulation Australia’s New Digital Duty of Care Targets Tech Platforms RSF Takes Legal Action Against X Over Disinformation Campaign European Guide Enhances OSINT Tools to Counter Identity-Based Disinformation

Index Hostile Influence Campaigns Social Media Platforms X Musk’s Effect on Social Media and Disinformation TikTok Canada Halts TikTok Operations Over Data Concerns State Actors Russia Russian Interference During Election Day The War in Ukraine Russia Deploys Cartoons and Social Media for Propaganda Russian Cyber Assaults Surges on South Korea Russian Disinformation Shifts After 2024 U.S. Election China China's Influence Operations Target U.S. Elections and Social Divisions Iran Iran Applies Hybrid Influence on US Election AI Related Articles Pro-Russian Campaign Uses AI Trump, Putin Images Cyfluence Attacks FBI Warns of Surge in Fake Emergency Data Requests General Reports 2024 U.S. Election and Aftermath: Cyber and Disinfo Threats 2024 Election Conspiracy Theories Erupt on Social Media Racist Text Campaign Targets African Americans After 2024 Election U.S. Global Engagement Center Faces Shutdown 'Project 2025' Faces Disinfo Surge After Trump Win

Report Highlights: Google’s Threat Intelligence Group identified a Russian hybrid espionage operation called UNC5812 in September 2024, using a Telegram persona named "Civil Defense" to distribute malware targeting Ukrainian military recruits. Wired reported that, despite significant efforts to moderate content, political pressure after the 2022 midterms led to harassment of disinformation researchers, forcing reputable organizations like the Stanford Internet Observatory to shut down. A Jamestown Foundation article highlighted that disinformation played a key role following the 26th October parliamentary elections in Georgia, with the ruling Georgian Dream party declaring victory amid widespread accusations of fraud. According to Politico , the Global Engagement Center (GEC) is at risk of losing its congressional authorization by the end of the year, threatening its ability to counteract state-sponsored disinformation at a critical time. Wired revealed that after his release from federal prison, Steve Bannon quickly resumed his War Room podcast with a focus on spreading disinformation in preparation for the upcoming presidential election. The EEAS Press and information team published guidelines aimed at equipping teachers and educators in Albania with effective strategies to combat disinformation and enhance student digital literacy.